A protocol is a set of rules that controls the communications between computers on a network. In order for two computers to function together in the same network, they must speak the same language. As an example, for two person to work together they first must speak in one language that each other can understand. The Open Systems Interconnection defines seven layers of networking protocols but they can be simplified into four layers. They are :
- Ethernet (Physical/Data Link Layers)
- IP/IPX (Network Layer)
- TCP/SPX (Transport Layer)
- HTTP, FTP, Telnet, SMTP, and DNS(combined Session/Presentation/Application Layers)
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